A Research Study On Alcohol Abuse - 836 Words

In the proposed study, analyzes of several potential distal and proximal determinants of 8th and 10th graders’ alcohol abuse would be conducted using a nationally representative sample from the Monitoring the Future study to understand its pathways. It is expected that Bandura’s concept of â€Å"reciprocal determinism† related to Social Learning Theory (1978) and Life Course Theory (Elder, 1998) as developmental theory will help explain that victimization (a risk factor) as a direct or indirect predictor of adolescents’ alcohol abuse, as well as interpersonal relationship with family and peers as a protective factor, which can moderate the predictive effect of victimization on self-perception, perception towards alcohol, and alcohol abuse. In the proposed path analysis, all statements related to each path are based on some evidence in the literature. As a result, it is expected to the proposed path analysis will help evaluate victimization as the direct an d indirect predictor of interpersonal relationship, self-perception, and perception towards alcohol, and alcohol abuse among adolescents in the United States. On the other hand, it is expected that interpersonal relationship of adolescents will moderate the effect of victimization. Additionally, it is also expected that self-perception as moderated by interpersonal relationships, or influenced by victimization, will mediate the outcome measure, alcohol abuse. Similarly, perception towards alcohol influenced by victimization orShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal- Alcohol Abuse Leads to Domestic Violence1471 Words   |  6 PagesDetermining whether Alcohol abuse leads to Domestic Violence Abstract This study seeks to analyze and examine the effects that alcohol abuse may have on domestic violence cases. The main goal of this study is to determine whether or not alcohol or alcohol abuse really has an affect on people and if it causes domestic violence or not. This study will be helpful in many ways and instances and it will help those who are still wondering whether or not these to completely different socialRead MoreRisk-related Alcohol Consumption Influenced by Mistreatment as a Child850 Words   |  3 Pagesrisk-related alcohol consumption and the associated behavioural and health problems (National Health and Medical Research Council 2011). Australian Alcohol Guidelines recommend drinking no more than 2 standard drinks per day for females, and no more than 4 standard drinks per day for males (Commonwealth of Australia, 2013). The guidelines also recommend at least 2 days free of alcohol per week (Commonwealth of Australia, 2013). 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He was a few years older than me and I was naà ¯ve about what was happening. After several months, I was finally able to have my mom help me move back to Arizona. I have moved on from that chapter in my life, but I have always been curiousRead More Transcendental Meditation: Alternative Therapy for Alcohol Abuse1402 Words   |  6 PagesTranscendental Meditation: Alternative Therapy for Alcohol Abuse Proponents of the Transcendental Meditation program initiated by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi have expressed their ideas in various web sites on the World Wide Web, through pages such as The Transcendental Meditation Program at http://www.tm.org and the Scientific Research on Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program of the Maharishi University of Management at http://www.miu.edu/TM_Research. In these sites positive messages areRead MoreEssay Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Substance Abuse1125 Words   |  5 PagesNumerous genetic studies on pedigree have been conducted over the years. The majority of the results of these studies indicate that monozygotic twins have higher concordance of addiction than dizygotic twins. More specifically, the more genes shared, the more similar the propensity for addiction. Early studies genetic studies of addiction were family-based, which provided some initial clues regarding potential heritability of addictive disorders by examining the risk of substance abuse disorders byRead More Eating Disorders And Substance Abuse Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesEating Disorders And Substance Abuse Common Eating Disorders: The two most common eating disorders are bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Both disorders, primarily affect young women, therefore the majority of the research on eating disorders has been done with women subjects. The onset of bulimia is between adolescence and early adulthood while the onset of anorexia is between early and late adolescence. Not only is the onset different but the disorders are unique. Bulimia nervosa is

Black Canadians And Civil Rights - 2155 Words

Black civil rights in Canada have changed immensely over the last century, giving black Canadians a sense of identity and equal opportunity within Canadian communities. This document provides a detailed overview of the struggles, oppression, and changes that individuals went through, as well as the changes they enacted into the Canadian system to improve the living standards of black Canadians. The purpose of those like (insert people’s names) and their causes are explained in detail; but also gives a background on each person’s life and the struggles that they themselves dealt with when they first moved to Canada. Some groups or movements are also touched on in detail, and how they had an impact on the way civil rights changed both socially and politically as they were eye-opening experiences for the Canadian government and its citizens. The Relationship between Black Canadians and Civil Rights in Canada In the eyes of a Canadian, the notion of human rights has evolved drastically over time. Change is ignited when someone feels as though they are being treated unfairly and action is taken to reverse this oppressive environment. There has been a historical pattern of unjust and inhuman acts towards perceived racially inferior groups in Canadian history during the 20th century. The uprising of Black Civil Rights was a crucial step towards an equal and just society; despite Canada’s influence in the fight against the Nazis’ repressive actions in WW2, the fight for racialShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling in Canada1166 Words   |  5 Pagesand Owusu-Bempah, 2011, p.135). One Canadian community in particular has been impacted by racial profiling: black Canadians. There has been a significant body of literature which has attested to the veracity of the argument that black Canadians are victimized via racial profiling. 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Renal Problems And Septic Shock Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(104) " analysis and repeated freezing melt of samples was avoided in order to forestall debasement of plasma\." Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS ) is expressed as febrility or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea which may be associated with leucocytosis or leukopenia. SIRS generates broad spread inflammatory reaction in organic structure in response to external abuse which is protective for an person when its effects are restricted to pathogens, in other state of affairss inflammatory reactions are hurtful when they are directed against normal tissues in add-on to pathogens. [ 1,2 ] SIRS can ensue from legion conditions but termed as Sepsis, merely when infection sets in and morbific agent is detected. We will write a custom essay sample on Renal Problems And Septic Shock Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sepsis consequences from an single response to external infection, which begins with systemic redness ab initio, followed by curdling abnormalcies and eventually deranged fibrinolysis. When sepsis causes one or more organ disfunction, the syndrome is termed Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome ( MODS ) or terrible sepsis. [ 3 ] Sepsis-induced hypotension which is furnace lining to fluid boluses is termed Septic daze. Hypothermia associated with infected daze indicates hapless tegument and visceral perfusion, is normally associated with hapless forecast and high mortality rates of up to 30 to 40 % . Several serum biomarkers suggested holding diagnostic or predictive value in infected daze, but a unequivocal biomarker for everyday clinical usage is yet to be identified. One such marker is serum lactate which indicates pronounced hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia in infected daze. Similarly serum Creatinine should besides be considered as marker of lessening organ perfusion in sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury should be regarded as index of ongoing organ harm and likely possibility of oncoming of infected daze. [ 4 ] AKI is due to sudden and drastic decrease in kidney map ( within 48 hours ) characterized by absolute addition in serum Creatinine ( gt ; 50 % from baseline ) or a decrease in urine end product ( oliguria of lt ; 0.5 ml/kg/hour for gt ; 6 hours ) . Nephritic hypoperfusion and ischaemia during infected daze amendss nephritic tubules taking to acute cannular mortification ( ATN ) and have been demonstrated to be a common etiologic factor for AKI development during sepsis [ 5,6 ] . ATN was found to be a consistent histopathological determination in these patients, this would strongly propose that ischaemia and nephritic tubular cell mortification are likely an of import pathogenetic mechanism. [ 7,8 ] Acute kidney hurt have marked impact on the result of critically sick patients. Disease badness tonss such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation ( APACHE II ) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment mark ( SOFA ) both have included nephritic disfunction as forecaster of morbidity and mortality ; on the other manus liver disfunction tonss, coagulopathy, thrombocytes and other critical organ maps are non much stressed in APACHE II hiting system. To set up a unvarying definition of nephritic harm, RIFLE categorization was formulated which characterizes Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage Kidney ( RIFLE ) . [ 9 ] An of import facet of the RIFLE categorization is that it grades the badness of acute kidney hurt on the footing of alterations in serum creatinine and urine end product from the baseline status. [ 10 ] Urine end product is an of import physiologic mark of organic structure fluid position, and unstable instability is common in critically sick patients due to extravasation of fluid into extravascular infinite or due to 3rd infinite losingss and eventually the nephritic disfunction. This farther suggest that reduced organ perfusion in infected daze plays a cardinal function in development of AKI taking to cut down creatinine clearance and increased serum creatinine degrees. [ 11,12 ] In this survey we compared increasing serum creatinine degrees with plasma lactates and SOFA tonss to observe oncoming of sepsis and infected daze and to prove the hypothesis that ongoing acute kidney hurt can bespeak reduced organ perfusion and oncoming of infected daze in critically sick patients. Patients and Methods: This survey was carried out to happen a correlativity between lifting serum creatinine degrees and oncoming of infected daze in 115 critically sick patients admitted in ICU and were managed following Surviving Sepsis guidelines. [ 13 ] Human ethical blessing was taken by the institutional moralss commission. Written informed consents were obtained from control topics and patients or their relations. The control groups were the healthy relations attach toing the patient. Entire 90 controls were taken, among them 65 were males and 25 females with a mean ( SD ) age of 36.5 ( 8 ) old ages. Among patient group 67 were males and 48 females with mean ( SD ) age 37.5 ( 6 ) old ages. Patients included in our survey had either of the undermentioned characteristics: ( 1 ) Clinical characteristics proposing infection ; ( 2 ) Core temperature gt ; 38AÂ °C or lt ; 35AÂ °C ; ( 3 ) Heart beats gt ; 100/min ; ( 4 ) Respiratory rates gt ; 30 breaths/min or demand for supportive mechanical airing and ( 5 ) Inadequate organ map or daze within 12 hours of registration. Patients excluded were: ( 1 ) aged patients older than 75 old ages ; ( 2 ) NYHA category III or IV patients ; ( 3 ) liver inadequacy ( Child C ) ; ( 4 ) HIV, HBsAg positive serology, Cancer patients. Demographic characteristics like age, sex, primary site of infection, morbific beings and disease badness scores including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Scores ( APACHE II ) and Sequential Organ system Failure Assessment mark ( SOFA ) were recorded for each patient ‘s at the clip of admittance in ICU and later. The plasma of these patients was tested for serum creatinine and lactates degrees at the clip of entry in ICU, so after every 24 hours till their stay in ICU. All the samples collected and patient inside informations gathered during the survey were coded to look into for prejudice and patient confidentiality was maintained as per the guidelines for surveies of human patients. Blood sample aggregation: First blood sample was collected prior to get down of antimicrobic, steroid therapy or vasopressors. Blood samples were collected from cardinal venous line ( 9 milliliter ) into sterilized tubings incorporating 1ml trisodium citrate ( TSC ) at the clip of patient admittance I ICU and later. Plasma was separated by extractor at 10,000 revolutions per minute for 15 min. The plasma was stored at -70AÂ °C for farther analysis and repeated freezing melt of samples was avoided in order to forestall debasement of plasma. You read "Renal Problems And Septic Shock Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Statistical analysis: The informations were analyzed by nonparametric analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) with Newman-Keuls multiple comparing post-test. The relation between serum creatinine degrees, plasma lactates and APACHE A ; SOFA mark was tested by finding the Pearson correlativity coefficient ( R ) . A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered important. All statistical analyses were performed with the Graph Pad InStat 5.0 demo plan ( Graph Pad Software, USA ) . Consequences: Among 115 patients admitted in ICU during the period April 2009 to May 2010, 45 patients were of SIRS, 39 patients were in sepsis and 31 patients in province of infected daze ( Table 1 ) . Sepsis was diagnosed on the footing of specific civilization studies from assorted possible sites of infection, including blood civilization study. Out of 115 patients studied there were 67 male patients and 48 females with a mean ( SD ) age of 37.5 ( 6 ) old ages. Mean serum creatinine degrees in healthy control group was 0.83 AÂ ± 0.26 mg/dl, runing from 0.4 to 1.6 mg/dl. In SIRS group, the average serum creatinine degrees were 3.45 AÂ ± 1.26 mg/dl, runing from 1.2 to 6.2 mg/dl ( Figure 1 ) . The APACHE II and SOFA score correlated linearly with serum creatinine degrees ( r2=0.74, P lt ; 0.001 for APACHE A ; r2=0.69, P lt ; 0.001 for SOFA ; Figure2 ) bespeaking nephritic hurt with badness of redness. In sepsis patients average degrees were 7.15 AÂ ± 1.3, runing from 4.0 to 9.3 mg/dl. Pearson ‘s coefficient showed additive correlativity of serum creatinine and sepsis badness tonss ( r2 = 0.65, P lt ; 0.001 for APACHE and r2 = 0.62, P lt ; 0.001 for SOFA ; Figure2 ) . In patients of infected daze with nephritic disfunction really high serum creatinine degrees were observed with mean of 10.31 AÂ ± 2.29 mg/dl with values runing from 6.0 to 15.2 mg/dl, these values were significantly ( P lt ; 0.01 ) higher than those with sepsis ( 7.01 AÂ ± 1.3 mg/dl ) , SIRS ( 3.49 AÂ ± 1.10 mg/dl ) and the control group ( 0.83 AÂ ± 0.26 mg/dl ) . Detection of metabolic acidosis in arterial blood gas analysis was evaluated farther by blood lactate appraisal ( Figure 3 ) . Blood lactate degrees in SIRS group were ( 5.14 AÂ ± 1.24mmol/L ) with scope from 2.2 to 7.8 mmol/L. Similarly blood lactate degrees in sepsis ( 7.73 AÂ ± 1.4mmol/L ) and infected daze group ( 9.53 AÂ ± 1.2mmol/L ) were significantly high ( 95 % CI in sepsis 7.25 to 8.21 ; daze 8.9 to 10.16 mmol/L ) . In control group mean values were 0.93 AÂ ± 0.39mmol/L ( 95 % CI 0.84 to 1.0 mmol/L ) . In order to detect a relation between extent of nephritic hurt and oncoming of infected daze, creatinine clearance ( taken as step of nephritic map ) was so compared with blood lactate degrees ( taken as index of anaerobiotic metamorphosis and daze ) , Pearson ‘s coefficient showed reverse relation between lifting lactate degrees and Creatinine clearance in patients with terrible sepsis and infected daze ( Figure 4 ; r2=0.48, P lt ; 0.001in sepsis ; r2=0.56, P lt ; 0.001in infected daze ) . The patients included in this survey were non given any nephrotoxic drugs and drug dose were modified as per criterion chronic nephritic disease guideline to forestall farther nephritic hurt [ 14 ] . Discussion: Patients come oning to infected daze during their stay in ICU may hold altered sensorium, deranged liver map, malabsorption syndrome or may hold respiratory trouble. It was observed in our survey that all such patients with infected daze have one common characteristic of crazed kidney map with AKI. The pathophysiology of AKI in infected daze is ill understood due to miss of histopathologic information, which in bend requires nephritic biopsy to observe any parenchymal or vascular alterations in nephritic tissue ; such biopsies are non routinely performed in most ICU set up. [ 15,16 ] In absence of such information, we performed an indirect appraisal of nephritic map during oncoming of infected daze. These observations were based on serum creatinine degrees and creatinine clearance which was so correlated with disease badness tonss ( APACHE II and SOFA ) and serum lactate degrees ( index of anaerobiotic metamorphosis and daze ) . Assorted carnal surveies of AKI have been done which helps in more complex and invasive measurings of nephritic maps. [ 17 ] Most of these carnal surveies were based on either ischemia-reperfusion hurt or drug induced hurt and informations generated from such surveies may assist us in understanding the pathophysiology in a infected patient with AKI. A major paradigm developed from these observations in animate beings and worlds with daze is that AKI is due to nephritic hypoperfusion and ischaemia. This fact supported our position of utilizing AKI as index for decreased organ perfusion and oncoming of infected daze. [ 18 ] Under basal conditions blood flow to kidney is 360 ml/min/100gm of tissue where as blood flow to encephalon ( 50ml/min/100gm ) , bosom ( 70ml/min/100gm ) , lungs ( 25ml/min/100gm ) and liver ( 95ml/min/100gm ) . [ 19 ] Among all the variety meats, kidneys have really high flow rates, approximately three times higher than other critical variety meats, therefore metab olic maps of kidneys were more likely to be affected earliest by decrease in blood flow during infected daze, this may ensue non merely in a decrease in glomerular filtration but besides, in metabolic impairment perchance doing cell decease, acute cannular mortification and terrible AKI. [ 20 ] Glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) is governed by glomerular filtration force per unit area, which in bend is determined by the relationship between the sensory nerve and motorial arteriolas. When the sensory nerve arteriola constricts due to hypoxia in infected daze, glomerular filtration force per unit area will fall and urine end product and GFR will besides diminish, ensuing reduced creatinine clearance and increased serum creatinine. [ 21 ] Arterial lactate concentration correlates with badness of infected daze and reflects metabolic changes associated with hemodynamic via media. Therefore, the association between high lactate degree and diminishing creatinine clearance are built-in to the badness of the daze and of multi-organ failure. [ 22 ] In add-on, epinephrine extract during infected daze besides enhances lactate production by itself ; the higher adrenaline dosage required in more terrible patients may besides hold contributed to this association. Following the natural history of infected daze in most ICU, it is impossible to happen patients deceasing of infected daze but without nephritic failure, the huge bulk of patients deceasing of multiorgan failure has a outstanding nephritic constituent and requires nephritic replacing therapy during their class in ICU. Renal biopsy during infected daze is non performed routinely because of important hazards owing to azotemic or infected coagulopathy and patient instability. However, this restriction does non impair the relevancy of our observations sing the pathophysiology of infected daze, as kidneys have highest blood flow per gm of tissue and AKI is changeless characteristic of terminal phase multiorgan failure so any via media in nephritic map in critically sick patients should be considered as indicant of decreased organ map and likely oncoming of infected daze. Decision: Kidneies are invariably involved in multiorgan failure of infected daze. Nephritic lesions associated with AKI in infected daze are more complex than the simple ague cannular hurt, so reduced creatinine clearance should be regarded as index of underlying mechanism of decreased organ perfusion and likely possibility of oncoming of infected daze in critically sick patients. 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Strategic Plan for your HOTS-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Create a one-year strategic plan for your HOTS (Hotel Operational Training Stimulation) hotel. Answer: Introduction The aim of the report is to create a one-year strategic plan for the selected HOTS hotel. The hotel that has been selected for the analysis is Park Hyatt Sydney. The report includes the critical analysis of the micro and macro environment factors that affect the strategies of the company. Moreover, it includes the intended overarching strategy will translate into a strategic direction for the three level of management in the company. It also includes three theoretical models such as analysis of the hotel environment (macro and micro) and the strategic recommendations for the hotel. The report reflects the Hotel business management training of Park Hyatt Sydney, HOTS is a simulation that is used for the hotel business management training and analysis. This simulation helps the participants to develop the problem identification and problem-solving skills as these skills are essential for the manager of the company to understand the cost and effect relationship between the performance and their causes (Gursoy, 2017). About Park Hyatt Sydney Park Hyatt Sydney is a 5-star hotel that is placed in the rocks area of Sydney and boasts views over the Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge. This company is one of the residencies of the Hyatt Hotels Corporation. There are different varieties of guest rooms and suites available at the hotels which are decorated to a high standard with all the facilities. Along with this, the hotel has 6 meeting rooms which can accommodate from 10 to 120 people and all the meeting rooms are equipped with the latest technology (Park Hyatt Sydney, 2018). Analysis of external environment Macro Analysis Macro Analysis include the PESTLE analysis which is a framework used by the organization to scan the companys external macro environment (Fernndez, Cala Domecq, 2011). PESTLE analysis of Park Hyatt Sydney is discussed below: - Political factors- Hotel gets affected due to the changes in the taxation policy, regulations and rules by the government of Australia (Robinson, Fallon, Cameron Crotts, 2016). Park Hyatt Sydney comes under the 5- star hotel who offers luxury facilities to their customers. If in case, the prices of tax increase then the hotel have to bring the changes in their pricing strategy under which the company has to increase the prices. Economic factors- Hotel is situated at Sydney and the city is well-known because of its largest economy in Australia. Sydneys CBD has the plenty of surrounding commercial areas which are considered part of the city (Martin, 2017). Within the city of Sydney, the businesses are able to generate more than $108 billion every year. Therefore, the hotel can generate the profit easily (City Of Sydney, 2016). Social factors- Social factors of the city affect the working of the Park Hyatt Sydney because the city is well-known tourist place in Australia. The city is occupied by the local community, workers, visitors and the businesses due to which the demand of the hotel is high in Sydney (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). Most of the people like to book Park Hyatt Sydney for their business meetings or for visit purpose and this leads to the revenue of the product. Technology factors- Hotel makes use of the advanced technology with the help of which they are able to deliver the delight experience to the customers. The company provides different facilities in which the company make use of technology for instance; gym with latest machines, spa treatment to guest with the use of sauna and steam room (Park Hyatt Sydney, 2018). Due to introduction and advancement of technology the working of the Hotel might get affected as they have to adopt the new technology (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). Legal factors- Legal factors include the rules and regulations that might affect the company. Hotel gets affected with the change in the rules by the government for instance; Park Hyatt offers bar facility to their customers along with Hukka but due to strict rules of the government the company needs to take a license from the government to allow the facility of Hukka (Porter, 2008). Environment factors- The hotels understand their responsibility towards the environment because the company is involved in an activity that might exploit the surroundings (Grant, 2016). For example; the kitchen waste, water wastage, energy wastage and many other resources due to this the Hotel has to understand their responsibility and has to act accordingly. Micro Analysis The microanalysis includes the Porter Five Forces which is a tool that is used by the companies for analyzing the competition of a business (Ivanova Ivanov, 2015). Porter Five Forces analysis of Park Hyatt Sydney is discussed below: - Bargaining power of suppliers- The bargaining power of suppliers remains medium in the case of Park Hyatt hotel because the company comes under the Hyatt group who is a well-known company that manages good terms with the customers and suppliers (Deresky, 2017). Park Hyatt hotel will like to take the raw material from the same supplier with whom Hyatt hotels get the products. Therefore, the hotel might face medium bargaining power. Bargaining power of customers- The bargaining power of the customers is high for the hotel because the customer can easily find the better prices in the place like Sydney and due to which they can switch their preference from Park Hyatt hotel to other 5 star hotels who a better facility with prices (Razalli, Yusoff Roslan, 2013). The threat of new entrants- The threat of new entrants in Sydney is high because this place is well known as a tourist place and many business deals take place in this city due to which the entrepreneurs can plan to open hotels in Sydney, Australia. Though, this is also the fact if the entrepreneurs like to open hotels in the city then they have to invest the huge amount which might be a risk factor for the company (Hill Jones, 2012). The threat of substitutes- Threat of substitutes is moderate to Park Hyatt because the city has most of the people who would like to book a hotel for the conferences and for the visit. Apart from it, there are many customers who are loyal to the brand and want to consume the services offered by the Hotel (Deresky, 2017). Industry Rivalry- Many 5-star hotels are present in the city and they give strong competition to the Park Hyatt Hotel and these hotels are InterContinental Sydney, Shangri-La Hotel Sydney and Lord Wolseley Hotel and many others. These hotels are also preferred by most of the customer and visitor due to which the sales and revenue of the Park Hyatt Sydney decrease (Porter, 2008). Strategic directions for the three level of management considering HOTS In a business, there are 3 main levels of management which include top level, middle level, and low-level management. All these level of management are responsible and accountable for some decisions that they take for the betterment of the company (Percy, 2016). Park Hyatt Sydney hotel needs to make strategic directions after considering the external environmental analysis and the Hotel business management training simulation. Some of the Strategic directions are given below: - Vision and mission Vision- The aim of the Hotel is to be recognized as one of the leading iconic hotels in the world by providing delight services and product at the forefront of contemporary luxury to their customers. Mission- The mission of the company is to be the preferred employer in the local hospitality industry. Objectives and goals Objective - The objective of the Park Hyatt Sydney is to maintain no.1 position standing as 5-star hotels in Sydney. Goals The company wants to ensure that each department is able to meet budgets, exceeding predicted profits and ensuring a high standard of service distribution to associates and guests. To see the hike in the market share of the Park Hyatts hotel more than the previous years. Practical example and its implication in Park Hyatt Sydney The company implements the decision after making the strategic directions considering simulation (Boella, 2017). The decision that is mostly taken by the hotels who has simulation is related to prices, staff and training, revenue management, refurbish, guest comfort, capital investment, advertisement and many others (HOTS Simulation, 2017). Staff planning and training to employees- Staff planning and training are a most important element for the hotels because this is the only way through which the hotel can provide exceptional services to customers which is essential to accomplish the goals. Park Hyatt simulation management team ensures that there is enough number of staff members in the company. Along with this, the management is able to provide the training to the new employees (Boella, 2017). Through this training, the employees get to know the way to speak and to deal with the customers which are essential for Hotel. Overall, reflects the workplace planning theory which states getting the right person at the right place (Bratton Gold 2012). Guest comfort- The simulation provides the details to the customers about the facilities that the company should provide to their customers for their comfort. Park Hyatt hotel provide different facilities to the company which includes various suits and rooms, mini bar facility in room, parking facility, delight services for food and drinks, spa and gym facility and many other (Bonilla Priego, Najera Font, 2011). The above given are two practical examples that show how the company can implement the decisions in their business with the help of simulation. Customer feedback in simulation plays a vital role and guides a way to achieve the objective of the company (Meler, 2011). Customer feedback helps the company in identifying the needs and desire of customers with the company and with the help of feedback they will be able to make effective strategies to satisfy the needs of customers (Okumus, Altinay Chathoth, 2010). Recommendations with justifications It is recommended to the company to update the ambiance in such a way that it reflects the culture of Sydney as a maximum number of tourist visit the places and hotels because they want to get more details related to the culture of the company (Gamble, Thompson Peteraf, 2013). The ambiance of the Park Hyatt will not only attract the new tourist but it will also reflect the affection of hotel with the city. Apart from it, the company should make effective strategies related to capital investment and advertisement in order to face the strong competitors present in the city (Percy, 2016). Effective and successful capital investment and advertisement will help the company in maintaining the position in the city Conclusion It can be concluded that the Hotel business management training (HOTS) plays a vital role for each and every hotel in this competitive world as this is the only way through which the company can face the competition and maintain the position in the market. The report includes the external environmental analysis and the strategic directions to the company considering the HOTS. These strategic directions include the vision and mission, objectives and goals of Park Hyatt. Along with this, it includes a practical example and its implication in Park Hyatt Sydney. Moreover, the report includes the recommendations to the company so that they can achieve their objective. References Boella, M. J. (2017). Human resource management in the hotel and catering industry. Australia: Taylor Francis. Bonilla Priego, M. J., Najera, J. J., Font, X. (2011). 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